Cryptocurrency markets are famously volatile—but savvy investors know how to turn that volatility into a tax advantage. One of the most powerful (and underutilized) strategies is tax loss harvesting. For crypto investors, the benefits can be even greater than in traditional markets, thanks to a key tax rule that currently doesn’t apply to digital assets.
What Is Tax Loss Harvesting?
Tax loss harvesting involves selling an asset that has declined in value in order to “realize” the loss for tax purposes. These losses can be used to offset capital gains from other investments—lowering your overall tax liability. If your capital losses exceed your capital gains, you can also use up to $3,000 of losses to offset ordinary income each year, with the excess carried forward indefinitely.
For example, if you bought Ethereum at $3,000 and it’s now worth $2,000, you could sell it to realize a $1,000 capital loss. That loss could reduce your taxable gains elsewhere, and you could even buy back the Ethereum right away to maintain your long-term position.
The Wash Sale Rule Doesn’t Apply (Yet)
Here’s where crypto investors have an edge: the wash sale rule doesn’t currently apply to cryptocurrencies. The wash sale rule—defined in IRC §1091—prevents you from claiming a loss if you buy the same or a “substantially identical” security within 30 days before or after the sale. However, this rule only applies to stocks and securities, not to property.
The IRS treats cryptocurrencies as property, not securities, according to IRS Notice 2014-21. That means you can sell a digital asset at a loss, immediately repurchase it, and still claim the tax benefit. This creates a significant planning opportunity, especially during volatile periods when prices are fluctuating rapidly.
Legislative Changes Could Be Coming
It’s worth noting that Congress has had its eye on closing this loophole. Several recent tax proposals—including versions of the Build Back Better Act—have included language that would apply wash sale rules to digital assets. While nothing has been enacted into law yet, the momentum suggests it’s only a matter of time before these rules change.
As of now, though, the wash sale rule does not apply to crypto, and investors are free to take advantage of this flexibility. But it’s important to monitor for updates. What’s available today might not be around next tax season.
Why This Matters for Crypto Investors
Tax loss harvesting can make a real difference in your after-tax returns. For active crypto traders, the ability to lock in losses without stepping out of the market is especially valuable. Even long-term holders can benefit by strategically harvesting losses during market downturns and repurchasing the same asset to maintain exposure.
Whether you’re trading Bitcoin, Ethereum, or altcoins, the ability to reset your cost basis and reduce your tax bill can add up significantly over time.
Conclusion
Tax loss harvesting is a smart move in any market, but it’s especially beneficial in the crypto world, thanks to the current exemption from the wash sale rule. While Congress may eventually close this gap, crypto investors still have a valuable window of opportunity to make the most of existing rules.
As always, consult with a knowledgeable tax professional—ideally someone who understands both traditional tax rules and the nuances of digital assets. The IRS may consider crypto “property,” but that doesn’t mean the tax rules are simple.